Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite. Geologists use the term "marble" to refer to metamorphosed limestone. Marble is a rock resulting from metamorphism of sedimentary carbonate rocks. Metamorphism causes variable recrystallization of the original carbonate mineral grains. The resulting marble rock is typically composed of an interlocking mosaic of carbonate crystals. Pure white marble is the result of metamorphism of a very pure limestone or dolomite protolith. Marble is extensively used as a building material and in many other exterior and interior applications.
Marble, a long lasting and beautiful stone, was used from early times by the ancient Greeks, who were masters of the worlds finest architecture, stone-cutting and sculpturing. They created create exquisitely detailed statues and buildings which have lasted through the ages. For example, The Parthenon, built in 441-437 BC of solid Pentelicon marble, is a well known symbol of ancient Greek civilization.
The use of marble in architecture dates back thousands of years to ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian cultures. Capable of bearing immense weight, marble was ideally suited for monolithic columns and supporting structures in public, private, and religious buildings. From the richly coloured red floor of the basilica of Saint Paul in Rome to the walls of the Palace of Versailles, to the elaborately designed nave of England's Salisbury Cathedral, marble has been used in some of the world's most awe-inspiring buildings.